First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...
Abstract: The successive convex approximation (SCA) methods stand out as the viable option for nonlinear optimization-based control, as it effectively addresses the challenges posed by nonlinear ...
Abstract: The sigmoid function is a representative activation function in shallow neural networks. Its hardware realization is challenging due to the complex exponential and reciprocal operations.