Go back far enough in our history–maybe about 650 million years–and you come to a time when our ancestors were still invertebrates. That is, they had no skulls, teeth, or other bones. They didn’t even ...

Octopuses are a famous example for invertebrates. Source: Maël BALLAND/Pexels In a recent article, published in Animal Sentience (the flagship journal for animal consciousness) by Heather Browning and ...

Different Eyes, Similar Growth Camera-type eyes in invertebrates and vertebrates are textbook examples of parallel evolution, thought to have arisen independently as similar solutions to the same ...