The thesis that, in a system of natural deduction, the meaning of a logical constant is given by some or all of its introduction and elimination rules has been developed recently in the work of ...

Journal of Philosophical Logic, Vol. 42, No. 2 (April 2013), pp. 317-334 (18 pages) For deductive reasoning to be justified, it must be guaranteed to preserve truth from premises to conclusion; and ...

We often express our thoughts in words to communicate ideas, present arguments or make decisions. But what format and structure do these thoughts take in the brain? In the fields of philosophy, ...

ANN ARBOR--A new University of Michigan study provides the first evidence of transitive inference, the ability to use known relationships to infer unknown relationships, in a nonvertebrate animal: the ...