Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot ...
Quantum thermodynamics explores the fundamental principles governing energy conversion at the smallest scales, where quantum effects such as coherence and entanglement significantly influence the ...
Engineers have built a modern Stirling engine that quietly turns the cold of outer space into steady mechanical power, using the night sky as a heat sink instead of a fuel tank. By radiating heat away ...
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